GOSI

GOSI (ChiRussian: ГОСТ) inoreva seti yezviyero zvehunyanzvi dzinochengetwa ne Euro-Asia Council yeKusimudzira, Metrology uye Certification (EASC), yedunhu zviyero sangano inoshanda pasi pemisangano ye Yenyika Dzese.

Mhando dzose dzemitemo yakarongeka inosanganisirwa, ine mienzaniso kubva pamirau yekushongedza zvinyorwa zvekugadzira kusvika kumabikirwo uye chokwadi chine utano chemazita eSoviet-era rudzi mazita (ayo zvino ave generic, asi angangotengeswa pasi pechitarisiko kana iyo tekinoroji tsika ichiteverwa, kana kutumidzwa zita kana vakagadziridzwa).

Pfungwa yeGOST ine chakakosha uye kuzivikanwa munyika dzenzvimbo dzehutongi. Russian Rosstandart agency yehurumende ine gost.ru sewebsite kero.

History

MITU yeGOST yakatanga kuverengerwa nehurumende yeSoviet Union sechikamu cheyambiro yayo yenyika. Izwi GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) inotsanangurwa gosudarstvennyy stuyeart (ChiRussian:endaсударствеest stандарт), zvinoreva kuti stvakadya standard.

Nhoroondo yezviyero zverudzi muUSSR inogona kuteverwa kudzoka 1925, apo sangano rehurumende, rakazonzi Gosstandart, rakagadzwa nekuiswa mutungamiriri wekunyora, kuvandudza, kushambadza, uye kuparadzira iwo ma standard. Mushure meHondo Yenyika yechipiri, chirongwa chekumisa nyika chakapfuura kuburikidza neshanduko huru. Yekutanga GOST chiyero, GOST 1 Yenyika Yakamira System, Yakabudiswa muna 1968.

Izvo zviripo

Mushure mekupararira kweUSSR, iyo GOST miero yakawana chimiro chitsva che matunhu edunhu. Ivo ikozvino vanopihwa ne Euro-Asia Council yeKusimudzira, Metrology uye Certification (EASC), sangano remitemo rakarongedzwa neCommonwealth of Independent States.

Parizvino, kuunganidzwa kwematanho eGOST kunosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi maviri zvemazita zvinoshandiswa zvakawandisa mukuenzanisa mabasa ekuongorora munyika gumi nembiri. Kushanda sehwaro hwekutarisira hurumende uye yakazvimiririra-masisitimendi kuzvirongwa zvese muCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), GOST zviyero zvinofukidza simba, mafuta uye gasi, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvaka, kutakura, kufambisa runhare, kuchera migodhi, kugadzira chikafu, uye mamwe maindasitiri. .

Nyika dzinotevera dzakatora zvese kana zvimwe zveGOST zvinodiwa kuwedzera kune yavo, nyika dzakavakirwa zviyero: Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Georgia, uye Turkmenistan.

Nekuti GOST zviyero zvinogamuchirwa neRussia, iyo yakakura uye ine simba kwazvo nhengo yeCIS, iko kusanzwisisika kwakajairika kufunga GOST zviyero semitemo yenyika. Havasi. Kubva EASC, iyo sangano rinotungamira mukuvandudza uye kugadzirisa yeGOST zviyero, inozivikanwa na ISO sesangano remadunhu ematunhu, iyo GOST mienzaniso inorondedzerwa sematunhu edunhu. Izvo zviyero zverudzi rweRussia ndizvo GOTA R mitemo.

Ukraine yakarasa zviyero zveGOST (DSTU) munaZvita 2015.

GOST zviyero uye technical kuenderana

Chidimbu GOST (rus) (SUST) (eng) chinomirira State Union Standard. Kubva pazita rayo tinodzidza kuti mazhinji ezviratidzo zveGOST zveRussian Federation zvakabva nguva yeSoviet Union. Kuumbwa nekusimudzirwa kweiyo Union Standards kwakatanga muna 1918 mushure mekuunzwa kwemaitiro epasi rese ehuremu nezviyero.

Mutumbi wekutanga kumisikidzwa yakagadzwa neDare reVashandi neDziviriro muna 1925 uye rakatumidzwa kuti Komiti yekumira. Chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive kusimudzira uye kuunza iyo Union zvimiro zveEC. Iyo yekutanga OST mienzaniso yakapa zvaidikanwa simbi uye nesimbi masimbi, yakasarudzwa mhando dzegorosi, uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvevatengi.

Kusvika 1940 Narcomats (People's Commissariats) vakatendera zviyero. Asi mugore iro iyo Union Standardization Committee yakavambwa uye zvimisikidzwa zvakadzoreredzwa mukugadzirwa kweiyo OST zviyero.

Muna 1968 iyo system system yekumira (SSS) seyokutanga munyika maitiro. Izvo zvaisanganisira kusikwa uye kuvandudzwa kwemitezo inotevera:

• GOST - Nyika Mwero weSoviet Union;
• RST- Republican chiyero;
• IST - Industrial Standard;
• STE - Mwero weye Bhizinesi.

Chikamu chekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi pamwe nekudikanwa kwekuvandudzwa uye kuiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuverenga ruzivo masisitimu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotungamira mukugadzira mahedhi ezviero uye huwandu hwakati kurei hweruzhinji tekinoroji mamiriro Ivo vanonzi pakati-maindasitiri zviyero. Mukati meiyo mamiriro ehurumende vane zvinyorwa zvavo uye iyo SSS ine index 1. Mazuva ano maitiro anoteera akajaira (GOST zvimiro) zvinoshanda:

• USCD - Iyo Yunifomu System yeConstruction Gwaro (index 2);
• USTD - Iyo Unform System yeTekiniki Rugwaro (3);
• SIBD - Iyo System yeRuzivo-Bibliographical Documentation (7);
• SSM - Iyo Sisitimu Sisitimu Yekupa Kufanana Kwekuyera (8);
• SSLS- Iyo Sisitimu yeZviitiko Zvekuchengeteka Kwevashandi (12);
• USPD - Iyo Unform System yeChinyorwa Chinyorwa (19);
• SSERTE - Iyo Iyo Maitiro Emaitiro eEgonomic Zvinodiwa uye Technical Esthetic (29).

IyoUSCD uye USTD masisitimu anoitika akakosha pakati pemamwe ma-maindasitiri maindasitiri. Izvo zvakabatana uye ivo vanogadzira izvo zvinodiwa zveyakajairika zvinyorwa zvinyorwa mune zvese maindasitiri ehupfumi.

Basa rekuwiriranisa zviyero zveRussia neGOST zviyero zvakagadzwa muna1990 neSoviet Council of Ministers pakutanga kwekufambisa kuenda kumusika hupfumi. Panguva iyoyo vakagadzira gwara rekuti kuteerera GOST zviyero zvinogona kusungirwa kana kukurudzira. Izvo zvinosungirwa zvinodiwa ndizvo zvinoenderana nekuchengeteka, kuenderana kwezvigadzirwa, hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza uye kupindirana. Mutemo weHurumende yeUSSR yaibvumidza kushandiswa kwematanho emunyika aripo mune dzimwe nyika, zvinodiwa nenyika dzepasi rose kana zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa nehupfumi hwevanhu.

Munguva yemakore apfuura huwandu hwakawanda hweGOST zviyero zvakagadziriswa nekutenderwa. Mazuva ano pane maitiro ekudzokorora kwavo kuti vagone kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose. Sezvo hwaro iri iyo system yenyika dzepasi rose ISO, muRussia ivo vakagadzira akateedzana eRussia zvirevo senge GOST ISO 9001 kana GOST ISO 14001, iyo yakatora zvakanakisa zviitiko zvenharaunda yepasirese asi ivo zvakare vanofunga nezve yakatarwa neRussia.

Rondedzero yeakasarudzwa GOST mazinga

• GERE 7.67: Nyika makodhi
• GOST 5284-84: Tushonka (yakakanyiwa nyama yemombe)
• GERE 7396: chiyero chemagetsi plugs uye zvigadziko zvinoshandiswa muRussia uye mune yose Commonwealth of Independent States
• GERE 10859: Chimiro che1964 chakamiswa pamakomputa, chinosanganisira non-ASCII / non-Unicode mavara anodiwa kana kurongwa mune CHINHU programming language.
• GOST 16876-71: chiyero chekushandurwa kwechiCyrillic-to-Latin
• GOST 27974-88: Chirongwa chemutauro ALGOL 68 - Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68
• GOST 27975-88: Chirongwa chemutauro ALGOL 68 yakawedzerwa - Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68 расширенный
• GOST 28147-89 block cipher- GOSI mune cryptography
• GOST 11828-86: Anochinjisa Magetsi Mashini
• GOST 2.109-73: Yakabatana system yekugadzira zvinyorwa. Zvinodiwa zvekudhirowa - Единая система конструкторской документации. Основные требования к чертежам
• GOST 2.123-93: Yakabatana system yekugadzira zvinyorwa. Seti dzemadhizaini ekugadzira ekudhinda mahwendefa pasi peyakazvigadzira dhizaini Mitemo Yekushandisa Nzvimbo Ino Machengeterwo Emashoko Panzvimbo Ino Pamwewo Zvaunogona Kuchinja Tuvara Tunobudisa Pane Mamwe Mashoko (+ *) +
• GOST 32569-2013: Simbi pombi tekinoroji. Zvinodikanwa zvekugadzirwa uye kushanda kwekuputika uye nemakemikari ane njodzi kugadzira - Трубопроводы технологические стальные Mitemo Yekushandisa Nzvimbo Ino Machengeterwo Emashoko Panzvimbo Ino Pamwewo Zvaunogona Kuchinja Tuvara Tunobudisa Pane Mamwe Mashoko (+ *) +
• GOST 32410-2013: Emergency crash-system njanji yekumonera stock yekutakura vafambi. Unyanzvi zvinodiwa uye nzira dzekutonga. - Крэш-системы аварийные - Технические требования и методы контроля

GOTA R

Nhoroondo, GOST R system yakabva kuGOST system yakagadziriswa muSoviet Union uye yakazogamuchirwa neCIS. Saka, zviyero zveGOST zvinoshandiswa kunharaunda dzese dzeCIS, kusanganisira Russia nepo Gost R zviyero zvichishanda chete mukati medunhu reRussia Federation.

Iyi sosi ine chinangwa chekupa Mutengi kuchengeteka uye mhando yepamusoro yezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi. Iyi kodzero yeMutengi wekuchengetedza uye mhando inovimbiswa nekusungirwa chitupa kwete chekunze chete asiwo nezvekunze zvigadzirwa. Dhizaini iyo inopinda mudunhu reRussian Federation uye iyo inotarisirwa kuzvitupa zvichitevedza mutemo weRussian Federation inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa Russian retifiketi system.

Rondedzero yezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nekusungirwa certification inotsanangurwa neGosstandart uye inogona kuoneka pa www.gost.ru. Iyoyo chaiyo system yekupa certification GOST R yave ichishanda muRussia kwemakore mazhinji. Musimboti chaiwo weiyo yaive migariro yenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo inoshanda yeRussia yekupinda muWTO yaive chikonzero chekutora mutemo wehurumende "Pahunyanzvi hweMutemo" № 184-ФЗ. Mutemo uyu wakagadzirirwa kuenzanisa mutemo weRussia neEurope mune iyo chikamu chehunyanzvi mutemo.

Certification system

Kusikwa kwesitifiketi sisitimu muRussia kunopihwa neFederal Law №184 “Pahunyanzvi hweMutemo” Kuongorora zvigadzirwa kuzvienderana nezvinodiwa nemitemo, zviyero, zviremera zvehunyanzvi uye dzimwe mhando dzezvinoratidzika zvinoita seimwe yezvakakosha mikana yekupa kuchengetedzwa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvevanhu, nharaunda uye nyika.

Zvinoenderana ne FL № 184 chero system yectifiketi inosanganisira:

• Chikamu chepakati chechitupa chinoita mashandiro emasangano mukati mehurongwa;
• Zvitupa zvetifiketi izvo zvinofanirwa kuratidza kugona kwavo kuita zviitiko muhunyanzvi uye kudhiza magwaro etifiketi mune imwe nzvimbo yekuongorora kwekuenderana. Nhengo dzezvitupa chete dzakabvumirwa mabasa akadai, vane kodzero yekuita basa rakadai;
• Certification Laboratories inoita bvunzo uye zviyero zvechengetedzo zviratidzo kana hunhu hwezvinhu zvakaongororwa. Rabhoritari yakadaro inofanirwa kuve nemidziyo nevashandi vakadzidziswa (pamwe nenzira dzekuyedza) kuti iite mabasa ayo. Kuvepo kwezvese zviwanikwa kunoratidzwa neHurumende yeKubvumidzwa kweLabhoritari mune imwe nzvimbo yechiitiko;
• Vanyoreri ndevamabhizinesi vamwe kana veRussia masangano epamutemo (mune dzimwe nguva vagadziri vekunze), ayo anotarisira kuenda kunyangwe ongororo yekuita maitiro ekuratidza kufanana kwekugadzirwa kwavo kune izvo zviri pamutemo zvinodiwa kana zvimwe zvimwe zvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwezvitupa (zvayaishandisa) .

Iko kwakakura kwakasiyana siyana kwezvinhu zvitupa (zvakasiyana zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, manejimendi maitiro, nzvimbo dzekuvaka, nezvimwewo). Chidiki chidiki ndiyo rondedzero dze njodzi dzaungasangana nekushandisa zvigadzirwa uye kubva kwaunofanira kudzivirira mutengi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvitupa muRussia dzinotsanangurwa nezvinhu zviviri izvi pamwe nechishuwo chemamwe masangano kuti aise izvo zvavanoda kune vanunuri vezvigadzirwa.

Ikoko kune mapoka maviri makuru ezviratidzo zveRussia maRussia: yekuzvidira uye inosungirwa. Kubva pamazita zviri pachena kuti kuongororwa kwekuenderana kwezvinhu zveanosungirwa certification system zvinoita sekumanikidzwa kune vese vanogadzira chiRussia uye nezvezvigadzirwa zvinobva kunze kwenyika.

Zvinosungirwa chitupa

Iyo chete federal state chimiro inogona kugadzira iyo inosungirwa certification system yeRussia. Iyo nzira inofanirwa kuenda nenzira yekunyorwa kwenyika. Iyo Rosstandart iyo inotarisira retifiketi muRussia seyese inochengetedza registry yeRF certification system. Chete mushure mekugamuchira Chitupa chekunyoreswa kwenyika nekuwana iyo yakasarudzika nhamba yekunyoresa, iwe unogona kuita zviitiko mukuongorora kufanana nehurongwa idzva.

Iko kune gumi nematanhatu inosungirwa certification system muRussia:

• GOST R;
• Nzira dzekuchengetedza zveruzivo maererano nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza ruzivo;
• "Electrocommunication";
• Geodesic, cartographic uye topographic kugadzirwa;
• Pane federal Railway transport;
• Nzira dzekuchengetedza ruzivo;
• Kuchengetedza kwekugadzira mabhomba;
• Munzvimbo yekuchengetedza moto;
• Nzira dzekuchengetedza ruzivo maererano nezvinodiwa kuchengetedzwa;
• Zvikepe zvehurumende zveMarine;
• Pamhepo kutakurwa kweRF;
• Masosi emhepo uye izvo zvinhu zveyavo ndege;
• Space craf;
• Kune seti yenyukireya, iwo mapoinzi ekuchengetedza midhiya zvinhu;
• Nzira dzekuchengetedza ruzivo rwunosanganisira chakavanzika chehurumende;
• Gadziriro yepamoyo.

Iyo inosungirwa GOST R certification system ine sub-system dzekuremekedza zvigadzirwa zvehomogeneous. Iyo inosungirwa GOST R certification system inosanganisira makumi mana-masisitimu maererano nemhando dzekugadzira homogeneous. Semuenzaniso zvinotevera zvikamu zvidiki:

• Certification yekurapa;
• Iyo nzira yekubvumidza mafuta zvigadzirwa;
• Iyo tsika yekubvumidzwa kwemidziyo;
• Iyo nzira yekubvumidzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi (SCE);
• Iyo nzira yekupa Certification ye mechanic transport nzira uye trailer;
• Iyo tsika yekupa certification yemagasi;
• Iyo "SEPROCHIM" certification system (rubha, asbestos) nevamwe vazhinji.

Iko kutungamira kwenzvimbo dzepasi muchikamu chehunyanzvi hwekunyora, kuronga kuita kweanoshanda mune chitupa mune GOST R system kunoitwa neRostechregulation (yaimbova Gosstandart) iyo inoita seye Federal agency yehunyanzvi mutemo uye metrology (yava kunzi Rosstandart) . Iyo yakapihwa arhente chikamu chemaficha eIvo Ministry of Industrial uye Trade yeRF.

Yakazove yekutanga uye huru hurongwa hwekuongororwa kwekuenzaniswa muRussia uye inosanganisira mapoka ese ekugadzira ayo anoongororwa maererano neFederal Law "Pamusoro pekuchengetedza Kodzero dzeVatengi" uye inoita zvimwe zviitiko zvemutemo uchifunga mhando dzakasiyana. yezvinhu Chiremera cheGOST R chinosungirwa certification system inovhara zvakare chirongwa chekuzvidira cheGOST R nekuti ivo vanonyorera kuongororwa kwekuzvidira kwekuenzanisa vanowanzo shandisa iyi sisitimu chaiyo.

Certification yekuzvidira

Chero mugari weRussia anogona kunyoresa maitiro ekuongorora akadaro maererano neMutemo. Paunenge uchigadzira system yacho unofanirwa kuseta rondedzero yezvinhu kuti zviongororwe maererano nehurongwa hwayo, zviratidzo nezvimiro zvinoenderana nezvekuti kuzvipira kupihwa chitambi, iwe unofanirwawo kuumba mitemo yehurongwa uye mubhadharo wekubhadhara kwemabasa mune chitupa, uye iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura vatori vechikamu chakapihwa tsika yekuongorora kwekuenderana.

Kunyoreswa kwekuzvipira certification system kwakafanana nemaitiro ekunyoresa kweanosungirwa system. Mune nyaya yekuramba, iyo Rosstandart inotumira kune weanotsanangura tsanangudzo dzezvikonzero nei iyo nyowani system inogona kunge isinga kunyoreswe. Mazuva ano kune zvinopfuura mazana matatu ezvitupa zvekufambisa zvitupa zvakaenda nenzira yekunyoresa.

Heino mienzaniso yekuzvidira chitupa:

• Zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka "Rosstroisashoicazia";
• Vashandi nevekuvakirwa mabasa - "Roszhilkommunsashoikazia";
• Nzira dzekudzivirira kweruzivo rwemashoko;
• Kugadzirwa kweGosstandart yeRussia;
• Dhizaini nemhando yekudzivirira maindasitiri - "Oboronsertifika";
• Certification yechikafu "HAASP";
• Kugadzira marasha;
• Zvishongo (dzinoverengeka masisitimu munzvimbo yakapihwa ane mazita akasiyana;
• Bio zvinhu zvinoshanda - "BOSTI";
• Mabasa munzvimbo yekushambadzira;
• Kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvepfungwa zvepfuma;
• Tekinoroji yeruzivo - "SSIT".

Corporative yokuzvidira certification masisitimu

• Mafuta uye akaoma simba (Iyo System "Teksert");
• Zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yemafuta-gasi “Neftegaz”;
• Kugadzira uye masevhisi “Technosert”;
• GAZPROMSERT;

Yenyika yenyika zvitupa system

• Mabasa ekutengesa muMoscow;
• Mabasa ekutengesa "Tulasert";
• Masevhisi enzvimbo dzemagetsi uye masitepisi muMoscow;
• Mafuta masevhisi kuMoscow Region;
• Services ekutengesa zvinotengeswa mudunhu reSakhalin;
• Services ekutengesa kutengesa muRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia);
• Services of gasi zviteshi uye nzvimbo dzeUrals Region "URALSERT-AZS";
• Services ekutengesa kutengesa muSt.