PET

Polyethylene terephthalate (dzimwe nguva inonyorwa poly (ethylene terephthalate)), inowanzo pfupikiswa PET, PETE, kana iyo PETP yechinyakare kana PET-P, ndiyo yakajairika thermoplastic polymer resin of Polyester yemhuri uye inoshandiswa mumachira mukupfeka, midziyo yezvinwiwa uye zvekudya, thermoforming yekugadzira, uye pamwe negirazi fiber yeinjiniya maini.

Iyo inogona zvakare kutaurwa nezita rechiratidzo Dacron; muBritain, Terylene; kana, muRussia uye yaimbova Soviet Union, Lavsan.

Ruzhinji rwekugadzirwa kwePET wepasirose ndeyeye synthetic fibers (inopfuura 60%), ine kugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro inokwana makumi matatu muzana ezve kudiwa kwepasirese. Muchirevo chekushandisa kwemachira, PET inotumidzwa nezita rayo rakajairika, Polyester, nepo chiratidzo PET inowanzoshandiswa zvine chekuita nekurongedza. Polyester inoita 18% yezve nyika polymer kugadzirwa uye ndiyo yechina-inogadzirwa polymer; polyethylene(PE), polypropylene (PP) uye polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yekutanga, yechipiri uye yechitatu, zvichiteerana.

PET inosanganisira polymerized zvikamu zve monomer ethylene terephthalate, nekudzokorora (C₁₀H₈O₄) zvikamu. PET inowanzo gadziriswa, uye ine nhamba 1 sechiratidzo chayo chekudzokesa.

Zvichienderana nekugadzirisa kwayo uye nhoroondo yekupisa, polyethylene terephthalate inogona kuvapo zvese seamorphous (yakajeka) uye seye Semi-crystalline polymer. Iyo semicrystalline zvinhu zvinogona kuoneka zviri pachena (chidimbu saizi <500 nm) kana opaque uye chena (saizi inosvika kusvika kumamicrometer mashoma) zvinoenderana nekristaro dhizaini uye saizi yezvimedu. Monomer yaro bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate inogona kuvezwa ne esterization maitiro pakati terephthalic asidhi uye ethylene glycol nemvura sechipfuva, kana na transesterization maitiro pakati ethylene glycol uye dimethyl terephthalate ne methanol sechinhu chakaburitswa. Polymerization iri kuburikidza ne polycondroll Kuita kwemamomers (kunoitwa nekukurumidza mushure mekuita esterization / transesterization) nemvura sekubviswa.

Mazita
IUPAC zita Poly (ethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate)
Identifiers
CAS Number	25038-59-9
Abbreviations	PET, PETE
Properties
Kemikari inogadzirwa	(C10H8O4)n
Molar uremu	Variable
Density	1.38 g / cm3 (20 ° C), amorphous: 1.370 g / cm3, kamwe kristaro: 1.455 g / cm3
Chinyorera	> 250 ° C, 260 ° C
Kubikira pfungwa	> 350 ° C (inoora)
Simba mumvura	zvinoshanda zvisinganyatsoita
Kupisa kwemafuta	0.15 kusvika 0.24 W m-1 K-1
Refractive index(nD)	1.57-1.58, 1.5750
Thermochemistry
Kunyanya kupisa simba (C)	1.0 kJ / (kg · K)
Zvekudyidzana zvinobatana
Related Monomers	Terephthalic asidhi Ethylene glycol
Kunze kwekunge kwacherechedzwa neimwe nzira, data rinopihwa zvekushandisa mavari mamiriro ezvinhu (pa25 ° C [77 ° F], 100 kPa).

tizvishandise

Nekuti PET yakanakisa mvura uye chinyoro kizhinjisa zvinhu, mabhodhoro epurasitiki akagadzirwa kubva kuPET anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune zvakapetwa zvinwiwa (ona carbonation) Kune mamwe mabhodhoro akakosha, akadai seaya akasanangurwa nedoro doro, PET sandwiches yakawedzerwa polyvinyl doro (PVOH) danho kuti iwedzere kupfuudza iko okisijeni kubvumirwa.

Yakasarudzika yakatarisana nePET firimu (inowanzo zivikanwa nerimwe remazita ayo ekutengeserana, "Mylar") inogona kuvhenekerwa nekupisa firimu rakatetepa resimbi pairi kudzikisira kukwana kwayo, uye kuiita iratidzike uye ive yakajeka (MPET. Aya zvivakwa anobatsira mune akawanda zvinoshandiswa, kusanganisira chikafu chinoshanduka kavha uye kupisa kwemafuta. Ona: "nzvimbo magumbeze“. Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakura remuchina, PET firimu inowanzo shandiswa mumatepi maficha, senge anotakura magineti tepi kana kutsigira kwekumanikidza-kunonamira matepi anonamira.

Asina-yakatenderwa PET pepa rinogona kuve thermoformed kugadzira maturutsi ekurongedza uye mabhurawuti mapaketi. Kana Prystallizable PET ikashandiswa, matiraki anogona kushandiswa madhizaini madhiri, nekuti iwo anodzivirira ese ari maviri kudziya uye ovheni yekubheka kupisa. Kupesana neamorphous PET, iyo iri pachena, yakayerera PET kana CPET inowoneka kuita dema neruvara.

Kana ichinge yazadzwa negirazi zvimedu kana machira, inova inowedzera kuomarara uye kuwedzera kusimba.

PET inoshandiswawo senge substrate mune dzakaonda firimu solar masero.

Terylene zvakare inopepeterwa mumabhero ebhero pamabhuruku kubatsira kudzivirira kupfeka patambo pavanopfuura nepadenga.

History

PET yaive nepamutemo muna 1941 naJohn Rex Whinfield, James Tennant Dickson uye mushandirwi wavo Calico Printers 'Association yeManchester, England. EI DuPont de Nemours muDelaware, USA, akatanga kushandisa zita rekutengeserana Mylar muna Chikumi 1951 ndokugamuchira kunyoreswa kwayo muna 1952. Iri richiri iro zita rinozivikanwa kwazvo rinoshandiswa mufirimu yepolyester. Iye zvino muridzi wechiratidzo ndiDuPont Teijin Mafirimu US, mubatanidzwa nekambani yeJapan.

MuSoviet Union, PET yakatanga kugadzirwa mumarabhoritari eInstitute of High-Molecular Compounds yeUSSR Academy yeSainzi muna 1949, uye zita rayo "Lavsan" chidimbu charo (laборатории Инститck высокомолекулярest соединений Академии наук Сыr.

Bhodhoro rePET rakabvumirwa muna 1973 naNathaniel Wyeth.

Physical properties

PET mune yayo yakasikwa mamiriro haina mavara, semi-crystalline resin. Zvichienderana nemabatirwo ainoitwa, PET inogona kuomarara kusvika kuomarara, uye haina kureruka. Inoita yakanaka gasi uye isina hunyoro chipingaidzo, pamwe nechinodzivirira chakanaka kudoro (inoda kuwedzerwa "chipingamupinyi" kurapwa) uye zvinonyungudutsa. Iyo yakasimba uye inodzivirira-kusagadzikana. PET inova chena painoratidzwa chloroform uyezve mamwe makemikari senge toluene.

Pamusoro pe60% kuchema kwakadzika ndiyo muganho wepamusoro wezvigadzirwa zvekushambadzira, kunze kweiyo polyester fibers. Zvigadzirwa zvakajeka zvinogona kugadzirwa nekukurumidza kutonhoresa nyoro polymer pazasi T_g girazi rekuchinja tembiricha kuti riite yakasimba amorphous. Senge girazi, amorphous PET mafomu kana mamorekuru awo asina kupihwa nguva yakakwana yekuzvirongedza nenzira yakarongeka, yemakristaro fesitori painenge yatonhora. Pakupisa kwemukati mamorekuru akaomeswa nechando panzvimbo, asi, kana simba rekushisa rakakwana rikaiswa mukati mawo nekupisa pamusoro paT_g, ivo vanotanga kufamba zvakare, vachibvumira makristasi kuti ave nati uye achikura. Maitiro aya anozivikanwa seyakasimba-nyika crystallization.

Kana ichibvumidzwa kutonhorera zvishoma, polymer yakanyungudutswa inoumba chimwe chinhu chinowedzera sekristaro. Zvinyorwa izvi idenderedzwa ine zvakawanda zvidiki makristasi painenge ichirira kubva kune amorphous solid, pane kuumba imwe hombe imwechete yekristaro. Chiedza chinowanzopararira apo ichiyambuka miganhu pakati pemakristalliti nematunhu eamorphous pakati pawo. Uku kuparadzira kunoreva kuti crystalline PET ndeye opaque uye chena kazhinji. Firaira kudhirowa iri pakati pemaitiro mashoma maindasitiri ayo anogadzira chinenge chega-sekristaro chigadzirwa.

Wemukati viscosity

Imwe yehunhu hwakakosha hwePET hunotaurwa nezvayo kupinda mukati (IV).

Iko kwekunzwisisa kwezvinoonekwa zvezvinhu, zvinowanikwa nekuwedzera kune zero kuiswa kwehukama hwehukama hwekukwirira kunoyerwa deciliters pa gramu (dℓ / g). Intrinsic viscosity inoenderana nehurefu hwayo polymer maketeni asi isina zvikamu zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzeredzwa kusvika zero zero. Iyo yakareba iyo polymer inosungira iyo yakawanda inobata pakati pemaketeni uye saka yakakwira iyo viscosity. Ivhareji keteni kureba kweimwe batch ye resin inogona kudzorwa panguva polycondroll.

Iyo inoshamisa yemukati yekuonekwa kwePET:

Fiberi giredhi

0.40-0.70 Textile

0.72-0.98 Unyanzvi, tireya tambo

Firimu giredhi

0.60-0.70 BoPET (biaxically yakatarisana nePET firimu)

0.70-1.00 Sheet giredhi ye thermoforming

Bhodhoro giredhi

0.70-0.78 Mabhotoro emvura (flat)

0.78–0.85 Carbonated rakapfava chinwiwa giredhi

Monofilament, enjiniya yepurasitiki

1.00-2.00

Drying

PET ari hygroscopic, zvichireva kuti inonwisa mvura kubva kunharaunda yayo. Nekudaro, kana ino "nyorova" PET yobva yatsva, mvura hydrolyzes iyo PET, ichideredza kutsungirira kwayo. Saka, iyo isati yagadziriswa mushini yekuumba, inofanira kunge yakaoma. Kuoma kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwe desiccant kana maomerya PET isati yapihwa muchigadzirwa.

Mukati meomesa, mweya unopisa unopisa unosvinirwa muzasi me hopper ine resin kuitira kuti iyerere ichikwira nepakati pemapellets, ichibvisa hunyoro munzira yayo. Mhepo inopisa inopisa inosiya kumusoro kwe hopper uye inotanga kumhanya kuburikidza neinotonhora-nguva, nekuti zviri nyore kubvisa hunyoro kubva kumhepo inotonhora kupfuura mweya unopisa. Mhedzisiro inotonhorera inotonhorera mhepo inozopfuura nemubhedha wediccant. Chekupedzisira, iyo inotonhorera yakaoma mweya unosiya iyo desiccant mubhedha unodziiswazve mune yekugadzirisa hita uye ndokudzoreredzwa kuburikidza iwo mamwe maitiro mune yakavharwa chiuno. Kazhinji, mwando unosara muresini unofanirwa kunge uri pasi pezvikamu makumi mashanu pamirioni (zvikamu zvemvura pamamiriyoni zvikamu zveresini, nekurema) zvisati zvagadziriswa. Dryer yekugara nguva haifanire kunge ipfupi pane angangoita maawa mana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuomesa zvinhu mumaawa asingasviki mana kunoda tembiricha iri pamusoro pe 50 ° C, padanho irori hydrolysis dzaitanga mukati memapellets dzisati dzaomeswa.

PET inogonawo kuomeswa mumakanika emhepo resin dryers. Akamanikidzwa omesa mhepo haashandisi zvekare mweya wekuomesa. Yakaomeswa, yakatsamwa mhepo yakamanikidzwa inotenderera kuburikidza nePET pellets sezvakaita mune yakaoma desiccant, yobva yaburitsirwa kumhepo.

Copolymers

Kuwedzera kune yakachena (gadziri) PET, PET yakashandurwa na kopolymerization inowanikwawo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvo zvakagadziridzwa zvivakwa zve Copolymer zvinonyanya kudikanwa kune imwe application. Semuyenzaniso, cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) inogona kuwedzerwa kune polymer musana panzvimbo ethylene glycol. Sezvo ichi chivakwa chiri chikuru kwazvo (6 mamwe maatomu ekabhoni) pane iyo ethylene glycol unit iyo inotsiva, haina kukodzera nemaketani akavakidzana nenzira iyo ethylene glycol unit yaizoita. Izvi zvinokanganisa crystallization uye inoderedza iyo polymer inonyungudika tembiricha. Kazhinji, akadai PET anozivikanwa sePETG kana PET-G (Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified; Eastman Chemical, SK Chemicals, uye Artenius Italia vamwe vagadziri vePETG). PETG yakajeka amorphous thermoplastic iyo inogona kuve jekiseni rakaumbwa kana pepa rakabuditswa. Inogona kuvezwa panguva yekugadzirisa.

Mumwe akajairika modifier ndeye isophthalic asidhi, kutsiva mamwe e1,4- (ku-) zvakabatana chidziva zvikamu. The 1,2- (ortho-) kana 1,3- (chinangwa-) kubatana kunogadzira kona mune ketani, iyo zvakare inokanganisa crystallinity.

Copolymers dzakadaro dzinobatsira kune mamwe maitiro ekuumba, sekudaro thermoforming, iyo inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa kugadzira tray kana blister kurongedza kubva kune co-PET firimu, kana amorphous PET sheet (A-PET) kana PETG pepa. Kune rimwe divi, crystallization yakakosha kune mamwe maapplication uko mashandiro uye kusimudzika kugadzikana kwakakosha, senge mabhanhire echigaro. Kwemabhodhoro ePET, kushandiswa kwezvikamu zvishoma zve isophthalic acid, CHDM, diethilini glycol (DEG) kana mamwe ma comonomers anogona kubatsira: kana chete mashoma emakomishini anoshandiswa, crystallization inononoka asi isina kudzivirirwa zvachose. Semhedzisiro, mabhodhoro anowanikwa kuburikidza kutambanudza kuridza kuumbwa ("SBM"), ayo ari maviri akajeka uye akajeka sekristaro zvakakwana kuti ave chipinganidzo chakaringana kunhuwirira uye kunyange magasi, senge carbon dioxide mune zvinwiwa zvine kabhoni.

Production

Polyethylene terephthalate inogadzirwa kubva ethylene glycol uye dimethyl terephthalate (C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂) kana terephthalic asidhi.

Yepamberi ndeye transesterization maitiro, nepo ekupedzisira iri esterization maitiro.

Dimethyl terephthalate maitiro

In dimethyl terephthalate maitiro, ichi chiumbwe uye chakanyanyisa ethylene glycol inoitwa mukunyungudika pa150-200 ° C ine chinyorwa chakakosha. methanol (CH₃OH) inobviswa ne distillation kutyaira mhinduro mberi. Yakawandisa ethylene glycol yakasungirirwa patembiricha yepamusoro nerubatsiro rwevhavha. Yechipiri transesterification nhanho inoenderera pa 270-280 ° C, iine inopfuurira distillation ye ethylene glycol futi.

Mhedzisiro yacho yakagadzirirwa seinotevera:

Danho rokutanga

C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂ + 2 HURE₂CH₂OH → C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ + 2 CH₃OH

Chechipiri nhanho

n C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ → [(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + n HOCH₂CH₂OH

Terephthalic acid maitiro

Mu terephthalic asidhi maitiro, esterification ye ethylene glycol uye terephthalic acid inoitiswa yakanangana pakudzvinyirira zvine mwero (2.7-5.5 bar) uye kupisa kwakanyanya (220-260 ° C). Mvura inobviswa mukuita, uye inoenderera ichibviswa ne distillation:

n C₆H₄(CO₂H)₂ + n HOCH₂CH₂OH → [(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + 2n H₂O

Kudzvinyirira

PET inoiswa pasi pemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekutsakatisa panguva yekugadzirisa. Iko kusvibisa kukuru kunogona kuitika ndeye hydrolytic, uye pamwe inonyanya kukosha, yekupisa oxidation. Kana PET inosvibisa, zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinoitika: discoloration, cheni scouts zvichikonzera kuderedzwa kwemorekuru, kuumbwa kwe acetaldehyde, uye muchinjiko ("Gel" kana "hove-ziso" kuumbwa). Discoloration inokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekromophoric zvichitevera kurapwa kwakapisa kwenguva refu kumatembiricha akakwira. Izvi zvinova dambudziko kana iwo anodikanwa eiyo polymer akakwirira zvakanyanya, senge mumapakeji ekushandisa. Iyo yekupisa uye ye thermooxidative kudzora kunoguma nehurombo hwekugadzirisa maitiro uye mashandiro echinhu.

Imwe nzira yokuderedza iyi ndeye kushandisa a kopolymer. Comonomers dzakadai seCHDM kana isophthalic asidhi dzora tembiricha yekuderera uye udzikise huwandu hwekristaro yePET (kunyanya kukosha kana zvinhu zvacho zvichishandiswa mukugadzira mabhodhoro). Nekudaro, iyo resin inogona kuumbwa nepurasitiki pane yakadzika tembiricha uye / kana nesimba rakaderera. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kudzikira, kuderedza acetaldehyde zviri mukati memugadzirwa chigadzirwa kune chinogamuchirwa (ndiko kuti, chisingawanikwe) nhanho. Munoona kopolymers, pamusoro. Imwe nzira yekuvandudza kugadzikana kwepolymer ndeyekushandisa stabilizer, kunyanya antioxidants yakadai phosphites. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, huwandu hwemasero ekudzivirira kwezvinhu uchishandisa nanostructured makemikari akaongororwawo.

Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde chinhu chisina ruvara, chisina kugadzikana chine hwema hwemichero. Kunyangwe ichiumbika zvakasununguka mune chimwe chibereko, inogona kukonzera kuremedza-kuravira mumvura yakabhoderedzwa. Acetaldehyde mafomu nekudzikisira kwePET kuburikidza nekubata zvisirizvo. Kupisa kwakanyanya (PET inoora pamusoro pe300 ° C kana 570 ° F), kumanikidza kwakanyanya, kumhanyisa kwekuwedzera (kuwanda kweshear kunosimudza tembiricha), uye nguva yekugara kwenguva yakareba yemidziyo yese inobatsira mukugadzirwa kweacetaldehyde. Kana acetaldehyde yagadzirwa, imwe yacho inoramba ichinyungudika mumadziro emudziyo uyezve zvinokanganisa mune chigadzirwa chakachengetwa mukati, kuchinjisa kuravira uye kunhuhwirira. Iri harisi dambudziko rakadai kune risingadyiwe (senge shampoo), yemichero yemichero (iyo yatove neacetaldehyde), kana yezvinwiwa zvine simba-zvinwiwa zvinwiwa zvinonwiwa. Kune mvura yemumabhodhoro, zvisinei, yakaderera acetaldehyde zvemukati zvakanyanyisa kukosha, nekuti, kana pasina chinhu chinogadzika iwo hwema, kunyangwe zvakadzika zvakanyanya (zvikamu 10 - 20 pamabhirioni mumvura) yeacetaldehyde inogona kuburitsa kuravira.

Antimony

Antimony (Sb) chinhu chesimbi chinoshandiswa chinoshandiswa senzira yekumanikidza senge antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) kana antimony inopinda mukugadzirwa kwePET. Mushure mekugadzira, yakawanda inoonekwa antimony inogona kuwanikwa pamusoro peichi chigadzirwa. Iyi yakasara inogona kubviswa nekushambidza. Antimony zvakare inoramba iri mune izvo zvinhu pachayo uye inogona, nokudaro, kutama kunobva mune chikafu uye zvinwiwa. Kufumura PET yekubika kana microwaving kunogona kuwedzera mazinga e antimony zvakanyanya, pamwe kumusoro kweUSEPA mazinga akanyanya okusvibisa. Muganhu wemvura yekunwa unotariswa neWHO zvikamu makumi maviri pamabhirioni (WHO, 20), uye muganho wemvura yekunwa muUSA zvikamu zvitanhatu pabirioni. Kunyangwe antimony trioxide ine chepfu chepfu painotorwa nemuromo, kuvapo kwayo kuchiri kunetsekana. VaSwitzerland Federal Hofisi yeHuzhinji Hutano vakaongorora huwandu hwehutachiona hwekufamba, vachifananidza mvura yakabhoderedzwa muPET uye girazi: Iyo antimony kuwanda kwemvura mumabhodhoro ePET kwaive kwakakwirira, asi zvakadaro pazasi peyakabvumidzwa yakanyanya kusangana. Swiss Federal Hofisi yeHuzhinji Hwehutano yakagumisa kuti mashoma antimony anotama kubva kuPET achienda mumvura yemabhodhoro, asi kuti njodzi yehutano yezvakakonzera kudzikira kwakadzika haina basa (1% ye "inoshivirira kudya kwemazuva ese”Yakatemwa ne WHO). Imwe yakazotevera (2006) asi yakaziviswa zvakanyanya kudzidza yakawana huwandu hwakaenzana hweantimoni mumvura mumabhodhoro ePET. IWHO yakaburitsa ongororo yenjodzi yeantimoni mumvura yekunwa.

Muchero wemichero unotarisa (pasina mirayiridzo yakagadzwa), zvisinei, izvo zvakagadzirwa uye zvakaiswa muhombodo muPET muUK zvakawanikwa zviine anosvika 44.7 µg / L yeantimoni, pamusoro pemiganhu yeEU tap mvura yegumi µg / L.

Biodegradation

nocardia inogona kukanganisa PET neestrogenase enzyme.

Masayendisiti eJapan akaparadzanisa hutachiona Ideonella sakaiensis iyo ine ma enzyme maviri ayo anogona kuputsa iyo PET kuita zvidimbu zvidiki izvo bacterium inogona kugaya. The colony Ini zvinoiensis inogona kukanganisa purasitiki yefirimu mumavhiki matanhatu.

chengetedzo

Pfungwa dzakabudiswa mukati Environmental Health Perspectives muna Kubvumbi 2010 akataura kuti PET inogona kubereka endocrine zvinokanganisa pasi pemamiriro ekushandiswa kwese kwese uye yakakurudzirwa kutsvagudzwa pane ino musoro. Zvirongwa zvakadudzirwa zvinosanganisira kudzidzisa kwe phthalates uyewo kudzidzisa kwe antimoni. Chinyorwa chakabudiswa mukati Chinyorwa chezveMamiriro ekunze muna Kubvumbi 2012 inopedzisa iyo yekufungidzira kusangana mu mvura yakagadzirwa inochengetwa mumabhodhoro ePET inogara mukati memuganhu unogamuchirwa weEU kunyangwe ikachengetwa kwenguva pfupi pamatembiricha anosvika 60 ° C (140 ° F), nepo zvirimo mumabhodhoro (mvura kana zvinwiwa) zvinogona kupfuudza panoperera muganho weEU mushure megore risingasviki gore rekuchengetera mukamuri tembiricha.

Bhodhoro kugadzirisa michina

Pane nzira mbiri dzekuumba dzePET mabhodhoro, imwe-nhanho uye mbiri-nhanho. Mune maviri-matanho kuumba, maviri akaparadzaniswa michina anoshandiswa. Yekutanga muchina jekiseni inoumba iyo preform, yakafanana neyemuedzo tube, nemabhodhoro-cap tambo yakaumbwa kare munzvimbo. Muviri wehubhu wakakora zvakanyanya, sezvo uchakwidziridzwa kuita chimiro chayo chekupedzisira mudanho repiri uchishandisa kutambanudza kuridza kuumbwa.

Mune danho rechipiri, iwo maformform anotanga kupiswa nekukasira uye anopera simba kubva kune imwe-chikamu fomu kuti iite ivo mukupedzisira chimiro chebhodhoro. Zvigadziriso (mabhodhoro asina kuiswa) zvava kushandiswa zvekare semidziyo yakasarudzika uye yakasarudzika; kunze kwekushongedza maswiti, mamwe maRed Cross zvitsauko zvinovaendesa sechikamu cheVial of Life chirongwa kuvaridzi vedzimba kuti vachengetedze nhoroondo yekurapa kune vanopindura nekukurumidza. Chimwezve chinowedzera kushandiswa kweiyo preforms zvirongo mumabasa ekunze Geocaching.

Mune michina yenhanho imwe-nhanho, iyo nzira yese kubva pazvinhu zvakasviba kusvika kumudziyo wekupedzisa inoitwa mukati meimwe muchina, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuumba isiri-yakajairwa chimiro (tsika yekuumba), kusanganisira mitsuko, girafu rakachengetera, mhete yechimiro nezvimwe. kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo, chigadzirwa kubata uye simba, uye yakakwirira kwazvo yekuona mhando kupfuura inogona kuwanikwa ne maviri-nhanho system.

Polyester inodzokorora indasitiri

Mugore ra 2016, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mamirioni makumi mashanu nemashanu ematani ePET anogadzirwa gore rega.

Nepo yakawanda thermoplastics inogona, muchimiro, yakagadzirwazve, PET bhodhoro rekudzokorora inoshanda kupfuura mamwe akawanda epurasitiki mashandisiro nekuda kwekukosha kwakanyanya kweiyo resin uye kushandiswa kwakasarudzika kwePET yemvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye kabhidhaini yakapfava doro rechinwiwa. PET ine resin chitupa chiratidzo pamusoro 1. Iko kwekutanga kushandiswa kweiyo yakashandiswazve PET ndeye polyester faibha, mitsetse, uye zvisiri-zvekudya zvemidziyo.

Nekuda kwekudzorerwazve kwePET uye huwandu hwayo post-mutengi marara muchimiro chemabhodhoro, PET iri kukurumidza kuwana musika wekugovana sefota furu. Mohawk Viwanda yakaburitswa everSTRAND muna1999, iri 100% yepasiripo-mutengi inodzokorora iri PET fiber. Kubva panguva iyoyo, mabhodhoro anodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemasere akaiswazve mumapeti furu. Pharr Yarns, mutengesi kune vakawanda vagadziri vemakapeti vanosanganisira Looptex, Dobbs Mills, uye Berkshire Floors, inogadzira BCF (yakawanda inoramba ichizara) PET kapeti firita ine zvishoma makumi maviri neshanu muzana% mutengi unodzoseredza zvinhu.

PET, sekunge nemapurasitiki akawanda, zvakare inokwenenzverwa yakanakisa yekurasa mafuta.kumisikidza), sezvo ichiumbwa ne kabhoni, hydrogen, uye oksijeni, inongoteedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatsira (asi pasina sarufa). PET ine simba remukati memafuta akapfava.

Kana kudzokorora polyethylene terephthalate kana PET kana polyester, nenzira mbiri nenzira mbiri dzinofanira kusiyaniswa:

1. Iyo yemakemikari kudzokorora ichidzokera kune yekutanga zvigadzirwa zvakacheneswa terephthalic asidhi (PTA) kana dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) uye ethylene glycol (EG) apo iyo polymer dhiza yakatsakatiswa zvachose, kana mukuita pakati nepakati bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate
2. Iyo yemuchina kudzokorora uko kwepakutanga polymer zvivakwa zviri kuchengetwa kana kuchinjwazve.

Chemical kudzokorodza yePET inozoita inodhura - ichingoshanda chete yakakwirira yekudzokorora mitsara inodarika zviuru makumi mashanu ematani / gore. Mitsetse yakadai inogona kungoonekwa, kana zvachose, mukati memasaini ekugadzira evazhinji vakakura kwazvo polyester vagadziri. Kuedza kwakawanda kwekukura kwemaindasitiri kumisikidza zvidyarwa zvemakemikari zvekudzokorodza zvakaitwa kare asi pasina kubudirira. Kunyangwe iyo yekuvimbisa yemakemikari kudzokorodza muJapan haisati yave kuita kweindasitiri kusvika zvino. Izvo zvikonzero zviviri zveizvi ndeizvi: pakutanga, kuomarara kweanoramba aripo uye achienderera mberi achiparadza mabhodhoro mune rakakura kudaro panzvimbo imwechete, uye, kwechipiri, mitengo inowedzera zvakanyanya uye kuderera kwemutengo kwemabhodhoro akaunganidzwa. Mitengo yemabhodhoro ane mabhandi yakawedzera semuenzaniso pakati pemakore 50,000 kusvika 2000 kubva pamakumi mashanu Euro / toni kusvika pamusoro pe2008 Euro / ton muna 50.

Mechanic kudzokorodza kana kutenderera zvakananga kwePET mudunhu repymer inoshanda mumazhinji akasiyana akasiyana nhasi. Aya marudzi emafambisirwo ano fanirwa madiki uye epakati-saizi indasitiri. Mutengo-unogonesa unogona kutowanikwa nemasimiti masimba mukati mehuremu mazana mashanu ezviuru - 5000 matani / gore. Mune ino kesi, dzinenge mhando dzese dzekudzokorodza-zvimiro mhinduro mune kutenderera kwezvinhu zvinogoneka nhasi. Aya maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekudzokorora ari kutaurwa pasi pano zvakadzama.

Kunze kwemakemikari zvakasvibiswa uye kuora mwoyo zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa panguva yekutanga kugadzirisa uye kushandiswa, kusviba kwechimiro kuri kumiririra chikamu chikuru chekunakisa kusvibisa tsvina murukova rwekudzokorora. Zvigadzirwa zvinogadziriswazve zvinowedzera kuiswa mumaitiro ekugadzira, izvo zvakatanga zvakagadzirirwa zvigadzirwa zvitsva chete. Naizvozvo, kunyatsogadzirisa kurongedza, kupatsanura uye maitiro ekuchenesa anova akakosha zvakanyanya pamhando yepamusoro inogadziriswa polyester.

Kana tichitaura nezve indasitiri yekubvisa patsva, isu tiri kunyanya kutarisisa nekuisazve mabhodhoro ePET, ari kungo shandiswa pamhando dzose dzemvura dzakaputirwa semvura, zvinwiwa zvakapetwa kabhoni, juzi, doro, sosi, disergents, makemikari emumba nezvimwewo. Mabhotoro ari nyore kusiyanisa nekuda kwechimiro uye kusimba uye kuparadzaniswa kubva kune tsvina mapurasitiki hova kungave nekuzviitisa kana nemaoko-ekugadzirisa maitiro. Iyo yakasimbiswa polyester yekudzokorora indasitiri ine matatu makuru zvikamu:

• Kuunganidzwa kwebhodhoro rePET uye kuparadzanisa marara: marara zvinhu
• Kugadzirwa kweakachena mabhodhoro flakes: kugadzira kweFlake
• Shanduko yePET flakes kune yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa: flake process

Yepakati chigadzirwa kubva kune yekutanga chikamu chakakoshwa bhandi tsvina ine PET yezvinhu yakakura kupfuura 90%. Yakanyanya kujairika nzira yekutengesa ndeye bale asi zvakare yakashata kana kunyange yakasununguka, mabhodhoro-pre-akachekwa anozivikanwa mumusika. Muchikamu chechipiri, mabhodhoro akaunganidzwa anoshandurwa kuve akachenesa PET mabhodhoro flakes. Iyi nhanho inogona kuve yakawanda kana shoma uye yakaoma kunzwisisa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pekupedzisira flake mhando. Munguva yechitatu danho, PET bhodhoro flakes akagadziriswa kune chero mhando zvigadzirwa semufirimu, mabhodhoro, fiber, firita, tambo kana yepakati semapellets ekuenderera nekugadzirisa nemapurasitiki enjiniya.

Kunze kweichi chekunze (post-mutengi) polyester bhodhoro rekudzokorodza, huwandu hwechinyakare (pre-mutengi) yekudzokorodza maitiro aripo, uko marara epolymer zvinhu haabudi nzvimbo yekugadzira kumusika wemahara, uye panzvimbo iyoyo anoshandiswa zvakare mudunhu rakafanana rekugadzira. Nenzira iyi, fiber marara inoshandiswazve kuti ibudise fiber, preform marara inoshandiswazve kuti ibudise preforms, uye tsvina yemafirimu inoshandiswazve kuti ibudise firimu.

PET bhodhoro rekudzokorora

Kucheneswa uye kuora

Kubudirira kweimwe pfungwa yekudzokorodza yakavanzika mukubudirira kwekucheneswa uye decontamination panzvimbo chaiyo panguva yekugadzirisa uye kusvika pakuda kana kuda kwaunoda.

Kazhinji, zvinotevera zvinoshanda: Iyo yekutanga mukuita zvinhu zvekunze inobviswa, uye zvakanyanya izvi zvoitwa, zvakanyanyisa kuita kwacho kuri.

Iyo yakakwira Plasticizer tembiricha yePET mumatanho e280 ° C (536 ° F) ndicho chikonzero nei kwese kwese kusvibiswa kwehunhu kwakadai PVC, pla, polyolefin, makemikari huni-pulp uye mapepa mafirita, polyvinyl acetate, nyunganya adhesive, vanoita zvemavara, shuga, uye protein zvisaririra zvinoshandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvine ruvara rwekushatisa izvo, mukudzoka kwavo, zvinogona kuburitsa mukuwedzera zvigadzirwa zvekudzikisira zvinogoneka. Zvino, huwandu hwehurema muketani repolymer unowedzera zvakanyanya. Iyo saizi kukura kwekuparadzirwa kwemarara kwakapamhamha kwazvo, iwo makuru makuru e60-1000 µm - ayo anoonekwa neziso rakashama uye nyore kusefa - anomiririra uipi hudiki, nekuti iwo iwo akazara nzvimbo ari mashoma uye kudzikisira kumhanya saka kwakaderera. Iko kukanganisa kweiyo microscopic particles, ayo - nekuti iwo akawanda - anowedzera kuwanda kwehurema mu polymer, iri yakati kurei.

Chirevo "Izvo izvo ziso risingaone moyo hazvigone kuchema pamusoro" chinoonekwa sechakakosha munzira zhinji dzekudzokorora. Naizvozvo, kunze kwekuronga zvine hunyanzvi, kubviswa kwezvinoonekwa zvisina kuchena zvidimbu nekunyungudika mafirita ekutamba anotamba chikamu mune iyi kesi.

Kazhinji, munhu anogona kutaura kuti maitiro ekugadzira mabhodhoro ePET kubva mumabhodhoro akaunganidzwa anoita seakasiyana-siyana marukova emarara akasiyana mukuumbwa kwawo uye nemhando. Mukuona kwetekinoroji hapana imwe chete nzira yekuzviita. Zvichakadaro, kune makambani mazhinji einjiniya ari kupa zvirimwa zvekugadzira maflake uye zvikamu, uye zvinonetsa kusarudza imwe kana imwe dhizaini yekugadzira. Zvakangodaro, pane maitiro arikugovana mazhinji emazano aya. Zvichienderana nekuumbwa uye kusachena kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvekuisa, zviyero zvinotevera maitiro anoiswa.

1. Bale kuvhura, briquette kuvhura
2. Kugadziriswa uye kusarudzwa kwemavara akasiyana, vekunze ma polymers kunyanya PVC, kunze kwenyika, kubviswa kwefirimu, pepa, girazi, jecha, ivhu, matombo uye simbi
3. Kugeza-usati usina kucheka
4. Coarse yekucheka yakaoma kana yakasanganiswa kune kusati-kusukwa
5. Kubviswa kwematombo, girazi uye nesimbi
6. Kupafurwa kwemhepo kubvisa firimu, bepa, uye zvinyorwa
7. Kukuya, kuoma uye / kana kunyorova
8. Kubviswa kweakadzika-density ma polymers (makapu) nekusiyana kwekunetsana
9. Kupisa-geza
10. Caustic wash, uye pamusoro inomira, inochengetedza zvakadzika kuona uye decontamination
11. Rinsing
12. Kuchenesa mvura rinsing
13. Drying
14. Kupepeta kwemhepo
15. Otomatiki flake kuronga
16. Dunhu remvura uye tekinoroji yekurapa kwemvura
17. Flake kunaka kudzora

Kusvibiswa uye urema hwezvinhu

Huwandu hwekusvibiswa pamwe nekuremara kwezvinhu zvinounganidza mune yepolymeric zvinhu zviri kuwedzera zvechigarire-kana uchigadziriswa pamwe nekushandisa polymers-uchifunga nezvekuwedzera basa rehupenyu, kukura kwekupedzisira kunyorera uye kudzokororazve kudzokorodza. Kana pari pakashandiswazve mabhodhoro ePET, zvikanganiso zvinotaurwa zvinogona kurongwa mumapoka anotevera:

1. Reactive polyester OH- kana COOH- magumo emapoka anoshandurwa kuva akafa kana asingaite-ekupedzisira mapoka, semuenzaniso kuumbwa kwevinyl ester end mapoka kuburikidza nekushomeka kana decarboxylation ye terephthalate acid, maitiro eOH- kana COOH- magumo emapoka ane mono-functional kuderera. zvigadzirwa senge mono-kabhoni acids kana ma alcohols. Mhedzisiro dzinoderedzwa reactivity panguva yekuita zvekare-polycondfund kana re-SSP uye nekuwedzera kuwanda kwehuremu hwemuviri.
2. Ichi chikamu chekupera chikamu chinoshanduka kuenda kunanga kune COOH magumo emapoka akavakwa kuburikidza neanopisa uye oxidative kudzikiswa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoderera mukutangazve, uye kuwedzera kweasidhi autocatalytic kuora panguva yekurapwa kwemafuta pamberi pehunyoro.
3. Nhamba yemacompolecules e polyfunctional inowedzera. Kuunganidzwa kwegels uye kureba-kwechechi matavi kuremara.
4. Nhamba, kusangana, uye akasiyana-siyana nonpolymer-akafanana organic uye zvisikwa zvinhu zvekunze zviri kuwedzera. Neinetsva yega yega yekushisa, iyo organic yekune dzimwe nyika inozoita nekuora. Izvi zviri kukonzeresa kusunungurwa kwekuwedzera kushatisa -kutsigira zvinhu uye zvinhu zvemakara.
5. Hydroxide uye mapoka eparokisi anovaka pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nepolyester pamberi pemhepo (oksijeni) uye humhutu. Maitiro aya anosimudzirwa nechiedza che Ultraviolet. Munguva yekurapa kwekupedzisira kurapa, hydro peroxides ndiyo inopa okisijeni radicals, ayo ari tsime oxidative kushatisa. Kupararira kwehydro peroxides kunoitika pamberi pekutanga kurapwa kwemafuta kana panguva yepurasitiki uye kunogona kutsigirwa nezvakakodzera zvinowedzera senge antioxidants.

Tichifunga nezve kuremara kwepamberi kwemakemikari nekusachena, pane kusarudzika kwezvinhu zvinotevera zvemapolymist mukati megwaro rimwe nerimwe rekudzokorora, izvo zvinowanikwa nemakemikari uye epanyama marabhoritari kuongorora.

Zvikuru sei:

• Kuwedzera kwe COOH magumo-mapoka
• Kuwedzera kwenhamba yemavara b
• Kuwedzera kwehaze (zvakajeka zvigadzirwa)
• Kuwedzera kweiyo oligomer yezvinyorwa
• Kuderedzwa mufaira
• Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu-zvigadzirwa zvemukati senge acetaldehyde, formaldehyde
• Kuwedzerwa kwezvibodzwa zvinobva kunze
• Kuderera kwemavara L
• Kuderera kwe kupinda mukati kana masimba emagetsi ekuona
• Kuderera kwekushisa kwecrystallization uye kuwedzera kweyerystallization kumhanya
• Kuderera kwezvinhu zvemuchina senge simba rakamanikidza, elongation panguva yekuzorora kana kwakavharwa nenyama modulus
• Kuwedzerwa kwekugoverwa kwemamorekuru

Kudzokororwazve kwePET-mabhodhoro panguva ino chiitiko chemaindasitiri chinopihwa nemakambani akasiyana siyana einjiniya.

Kugadziriswa mienzaniso yepycled polyester

Kudzokorodza maitiro ne polyester zvakada kunge zvakasiyana senge nzira dzekugadzira dzinoenderana neepakutanga pellets kana kusungunuka. Zvichienderana nerucheno rwezvinhu zvakadzokororwa, polyester inogona kushandiswa nhasi mune akawanda epolesterist maitiro ekugadzira semusanganiswa nemhandara polymer kana kuwedzera se100% yakashandiswazve polymer. Zvimwe zvinosarudzika senge BOPET-firimu rehuremu hwakakora, akakosha mashandisirwo senge opareta firimu kana yarns kuburikidza neFDY-kutenderera pa> 6000 m / min, microfilaments, uye micro-fibers zvinogadzirwa kubva kumhandara polyester chete.

Rakarerazve kudzoreredza mabhodhoro flakes

Kuita uku kunosanganisira kushandura tsvina yemabhodhoro kuita marata, nekuomesa nekuita marara, uye kupurasitiki uye kusefa, pamwe nekuita pelletizing. Chigadzirwa is an amphphous kubatanidzazve kwechiitiko chekushongedza kwemukati mune 0.55-0.7 dℓ / g, zvichienderana nekuti yakakwana sei isati yaomeswa yePET flakes yaitwa.

Chinhu chakakosha ndeichi: Acetaldehyde uye oligomers zviri mukati memapellets pazasi; iyo viscosity yakaderedzwa neimwe nzira, iyo pellets ine amorphous uye inofanirwa kuve yakarara uye yakaomeswa isati yaenderera kugadziriswa.

Kugadziridza ku:

• A-PET firimu re thermoforming
• Kuwedzera kune kugadzirwa kwemhandara yePET
• BoPET kupfekedza firimu
• PET Bhodhoro resin neSSP
• Kapeti yarn
• Plastiki yeinjiniya
• Mafirimu
• Kwete-yakarukwa
• Packaging mitsetse
• Simba retsiva.

Kusarudza iyo-pelletizing nzira kunoreva kuve nekuwedzera shanduko maitiro ayo ari kune rimwe divi, simba-rakawanda uye rinodhura, uye achikonzera kupisa kwemafuta. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyo pelletizing nhanho iri kupa zvakanakira zvinotevera:

• Yakadzika inonyungududza kusefera
• Pakati pehunhu hunhu
• Kugadziridzwa nezvakawedzerwa
• Kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa uye kuparadzaniswa nemhando
• Kugadziridza kugadzirisa kunowedzera
• Kufananidzwa kwemhando.

Dhizaina PET-pellets kana flakes mabhodhoro (bhodhoro kusvika bhodhoro) uye A-PET

Maitiro aya, musimboti, akafanana neaya akatsanangurwa pamusoro; zvisinei, mapellets anogadzirwa ari akananga (achienderera kana asingaregedzi) akaumbiridzwa ndokuzoiswa kune solid-state polycondensation (SSP) mune inodonha yakaoma kana yakatwasuka tube reactor. Pakati peiyi nhanho yekugadzirisa, inoenderana viscosity yemukati ye 0.80-0.085 dℓ / g inovakwazve uye, panguva imwe chete, iyo acetaldehyde yezvinhu inoderedzwa kuva <1 ppm.

Icho chokwadi chekuti vamwe vanogadzira michina uye vavaki vetauro muEuropean neA.SA vanoita nhamburiko dzekupa yakazvimirira kudzokorodza maitiro, semuenzaniso inonzi inonzi bhodhoro-kune-bhodhoro (B-2-B) maitiro, senge BEPET, Starlings, URRC kana BÜHLER, inovavarira kupa humbowo hwe "kuvapo" kwezvinodiwa zvekubvisa zvisaririra uye zvekubviswa kwezvinosvibisa zvemuenzaniso zvinoenderana neFDA ichishandisa iyo inonzi dambudziko bvunzo, izvo zvinodiwa pakuiswa kwepolyester inorapwa chikamu chekudya. Kunze kweichi chiitiko mvumo izvo zvakadaro zvakadaro zvinodikanwa kuti chero mushandisi wemaitiro akadaro anofanira kugara achiongorora FDA-miganho yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa naiye kuitira maitiro ake.

Kutendeuka kwakananga kwemabhodhoro flakes

Kuitira kuchengetedza mutengo, nhamba inowedzera yevanogadzira nepakati sevanopfekedza zvigayo, mitambo yemarara, kana mafirita mafirimu ari kushanda pakushandiswa kwakananga kwePET-flakes, kubva pakurapwa kwemabhodhoro anoshandiswa, nechinangwa chekugadzira chiri kuwedzera. nhamba ye polyester yepakati. Nekugadziriswa kweiyo viscosity inodikanwa, kunze kwekuomeswa kwemhepo kwakapetwa, zvinokwanisika kuti zvakare itungamire iyo viscosity kuburikidza polycondroll muchikamu chinonyungudika kana yakasimba-nyika polycondensation yemakonzo. Iyo yazvino PET flake shanduko maitiro ari kushandisa mapatya screw extruders, akawanda-chisikwa extruders kana dzakawanda-kutenderera masisitimu uye zvakabatana vacuum degassing kubvisa unyoro uye kudzivirira flake pre-kuoma. Aya maitiro anobvumidza kushandurwa kwevasina kutsanangurwa PET flakes pasina yakakura viscosity kuderera kunokonzerwa hydrolysis.

Nezve iko kunwiwa kwePET mabhodhoro emabhomba, chikamu chikuru che 70% chinoshandurwa kuita mafirita uye mafirita. Paunenge uchishandisa zvakananga sekondari zvinhu zvakadai sebhodhoro flakes muzvipuka matanho, pane mashoma mashoma maitiro ekuti uwane.

Yakakwirira-ichimhanyisa nzira yekugadzira yekugadzira yePYY inowanzo kuda vhezheni ye 0.62-0.64 dℓ / g. Kutanga kubva kumabhodoro flakes, iyo viscosity inogona kuiswa kuburikidza neiyo danho rekuoma. Iko kwekuwedzera kushandiswa kweTiO₂ inofanirwa kuti yakazara izere kana kuti semi dull yarn. Kuti udzivirire spinnerets, iyo inoshanda filtration yemunyungudutswa iri, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu ari madikanwa. Kune yenguva-iyo, huwandu hwePPY hwakagadzirwa ne100% kudzokorora polyester huri hwakaderera nekuti maitiro aya anoda kuchenesa kwakanyanya kwekuputika kunoputika. Kazhinji yenguva, kusanganisa kwemhandara uye yakagadziriswazve pellets inoshandiswa.

Saple fibers dzakatenderedzwa mune intrinsic viscosity range inorara pane imwe nzvimbo yakadzika uye iyo inofanira kunge iri pakati pe0.58 kusvika 0.62 dℓ / g. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakare, iyo viscosity inodikanwa inogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekuomesa kana yekushambadzira mumamiriro ezvinhu kana vacuum extrusion. Nekugadzirisa dhizaini, zvisinei, iyo yekuwedzera yehurefu hweketani modifier senge ethylene glycol or diethilini glycol inogona zvakare kushandiswa.

Kupaina isina-yakarukwa-mundima yakanaka ye titer yekushandisa machira uye zvakare inorema isingasvitswi sezvinhu zvekutanga, semuenzaniso pamusoro pekuvhara matenga kana pachivakwa munzira - inogona kugadzirwa nekuturika mabhodhoro. Iko kuputika kwemagetsi ekuonekwa zvakare mukati mehukuru hwe 0.58-0.65 dℓ / g.

Imwe munda yekuwedzera inofarira panoshandiswa zvimisikidzwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzira mitsetse yepamusoro, uye monofilaments. Mumakesi maviri aya, yekutanga mbishi zvinhu zvinonyanya kugadziriswa zvinhu zvemukati zvemukati zvekunzwisisa. Yepamusoro-tenacity paketeni mitsetse pamwe chete ne monofilament zvinobva zvagadzirwa mukunyungudika kuputika kuita.

Kudzokorora kune vanoita monomers

Polyethylene terephthalate inogona kuderedzwa kuti iite constituent monomers. Mushure mekucheneswa, monomers inogona kushandiswa kugadzirira nyowani yepa polyethylene terephthalate. Iyo ester zvisungo mu polyethylene terephthalate inogona kuve yakajekeswa ne hydrolysis, kana ne transesterization. Mhedzisiro yacho ingori yekusiyana kweiyo yakashandiswa mukugadzira.

Chikamu glycolysis

Chikamu glycolysis (transesterization ne ethylene glycol) inoshandura iyo yakasimba polymer kuva pfupi-yakavezwa maOrigomers ayo anogona kunyungudutswa-nyungudutswa pane yakadzika tembiricha. Kana dzichinge dzasunungurwa kubva pazvinhu zvakasviba, ma oligomers anogona kudyiswa zvakare mukuitwa kwekugadzirwa kwepolymerization.

Basa racho rine pakupa 10-25% bhodhoro flakes paine kuchengetedza mhando yemabhodhoro pellets ayo anogadzirwa pamutsetse. Ichi chinangwa chinogadziriswa nekusvibisa iyo PET bhodhoro flakes-yakatove panguva yekutanga yavo epurasitiki, iyo inogona kuitirwa mune imwechete- kana yakakura-screw extruder-kune inoshamisa ye viscosity ye0.30 dℓ / g nekuwedzera zvidiki zvidiki zve ethylene glycol uye nekuisa pasi yakadzika-viscosity inonyungudira rwizi kune inoshanda filtration zvakananga mushure mekuplastiki. Uyezve, tembiricha inounzwa kune yakaderera inogoneka Uye zvakare, nenzira iyi yekugadzirisa, mukana wekushomeka kwemakemikari kweiyo hydro peroxides inokwanisika nekuwedzera inoenderana neP-stabilizer zvakananga paunenge uchiita mapurasitiki. Kuparadzika kwemahydro peroxide mapoka ari, pamwe nemamwe maitiro, atoitwa panguva yekupedzisira nhanho yekurapa kweFlake somuenzaniso nekuwedzera H₃PO₃. Iyo yakasarudzika glycolyzed uye yakatsetseka yakasvinwa yakadzoreredzwa zvinhu inoramba ichidyiswa kune esterification kana prepolycondensation reactor, iyo dosing huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasvibirira zviri kugadziridzwa nenzira kwayo.

Yese glycolysis, methanolysis, uye hydrolysis

Iko kurapwa kwetsvina ye polyester kuburikidza nehuwandu hwakazara glycolysis kunyatso shandura iyo polyester kuva bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂. Iyi poda inonatswa ne vacuum distillation, uye ndeimwe yemukati inoshandiswa mukugadzira polyester. Kuita kwakabatanidzwa kunotevera:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + n HOCH₂CH₂OH → n C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂

Iyi nzira yekudzokorodza yakaitwa padanho rekumaindasitiri muJapan sekuedzwa kwekugadzira.

Kufanana neye yakazara glycolysis, methanolysis inoshandura iyo polyester kuva dimethyl terephthalate, iyo inogona kusefetwa uye vacuum yakanyungudutswa:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + 2n CH₃OH → n C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂

Methanolysis haingawanzoitwe muindasitiri nhasi nekuti kugadzirwa kwepolyester kwakavakirwa dimethyl terephthalate kune shrunk zvikuru, uye vazhinji dimethyl terephthalate vagadziri vakanyangarika.

Zvakare sezvazviri pamusoro, polyethylene terephthalate inogona hydrolyzed kuti terephthalic acid uye ethylene glycol pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya nekumanikidza. Iyo mhedzisiro yakasviba terephthalic acid inogona kucheneswa na kudzokorora kuburitsa zvinhu zvakakodzera kudzokorodza:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + 2n H₂O → n C₆H₄(CO₂H)₂ + n HOCH₂CH₂OH

Iyi nzira inoita kunge isati yatengeswa.