Kuonekwa kunowanikwa

by Delta Injini / Chishanu, 25 March 2016 / rakabudiswa muna Moto muzhinji

Pipeline leak detection rinoshandiswa kuona kana uye mune dzimwe nguva uko kunodonha kwakaitika mumasisitimu ane zvinwiwa uye magirazi. Nzira dzekuongorora dzinosanganisira hydrostatic yekuongorora mushure mekupomba kwepombi uye kucherechedzwa kunowanikwa panguva yekushandira.

Mapaipi emapaipi ndiyo nzira yehupfumi zvakanyanya uye yakachengeteka yekufambisa kwemafuta, magasi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemvura. Senzira yekufambisa-kure-kure, mapaipi anofanirwa kuzadzisa zvakakura zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, kuvimbika uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kana ikanyatsochengetwa, mapaipi anogona kugara nekusingaperi pasina kuvuza. Kuburitswa kwakanyanya kunoitika kunokonzerwa nekukuvara kubva kumidziyo iri pedyo yekuchera, nekudaro zvakakosha kuti vafonere vatungamiriri vasati vachera kuti vavimbise kuti hapana mapaipi akavigwa munzvimbo ino. Kana pombi isingagadziriswi zvakanaka, inogona kutanga kufamba zvishoma, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekuvaka, nzvimbo dzakaderera uko hunyoro hunounganidza, kana nzvimbo dzisina kukwana mupombi. Nekudaro, urema uhu hunogona kucherechedzwa nemidziyo yekuongorora uye nekururamisa ivo vasati vafambira pakukwira. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuvuza zvinosanganisira tsaona, kufamba kwepasi, kana kuparadza.

Chinangwa chekutanga chechekuonekwa sisitimu (LDS) ndechokubatsira vanodzora mapaipi kuti vaone uye munzvimbo dzekunze dzive. LDS inopa alamu uye inoratidza imwe yakanangana nedata kune vanobaya pombi vanodzora kuitira kubatsira mukuita sarudzo. Maipipi ekudzivirira anoongorora masisitimu anobatsira zvakare nekuti iwo anogona kusimudzira kuburitswa uye kuvimbika kwema system nekuda kwekudzora downtime uye yakadzora nguva yekuongorora. LDS saka chinhu chakakosha chehunyanzvi hwemapaipi.

Sekureva kwegwaro reAPI "RP 1130", LDS yakakamurwa kuva LDS yemukati uye ekunze kwakavakirwa LDS. Yemukati makavakirwa masisitimu anoshandisa munda dhizaini (semuenzaniso kuyerera, kumanikidza kana fluid tembiricha sensors) kuongorora zvemukati mapaipi parameter. Kunze-kwakavakirwa masystem anoshandisawo musango kutumira (semuenzaniso infrared radiometers kana anodziya kamera, vapor sensors, acoustic maikorofoni kana fiber-optic tambo) kuongorora ekunze mapaipi parameter.

Mitemo uye Mitemo

Dzimwe nyika dzinoteedzera pamutemo kushanda kwepombi.

API RP 1130 "Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquids" (USA)

Iyi tsika yakakurudzirwa (RP) inotarisa pane dhizaini, kuitisa, kuyedza uye mashandiro eLDS ayo anoshandisa algorithmic nzira. Chinangwa cheiyi tsika yakakurudzirwa ndeyekubatsira Pipeline Operator mukuona zvinhu zvine chekuita nekusarudzwa, kuitiswa, kuyedzwa, uye mashandiro eLDS. LDS yakarongedzwa kuita zvemukati zvakavakirwa uye nekunze kwakavakirwa. Zvemukati zvakavakirwa masisitimu anoshandisa munda zvishandiso (semuenzaniso kuyerera, kumanikidza uye tembiricha yemvura) kuongorora epamhepo mapaipi parameter; aya mapaipi parameter anozoshandiswa kushandura kubvuza. Kunze kwakavakirwa masisitimu anoshandisa emuno, akazvitsaurira sensors.

TRFL (Jerimani)

TRFL ndicho chidimbu che "Technische Regel für Fernleitungsanlagen" (technical Rule yePipeline Systems). Iyo TRFL inopfupisa zvinodiwa kuti mapaipi ave pasi pemitemo yepamutemo. Inovhara mapaipi anotakura zvinonwisa mvura, mapaipi anotakura zvinwiwa zvine ngozi kumvura, uye mazhinji emapombi anotakura gasi. Mhando shanu dzakasiyana dzeLDS kana LDS mabasa anodikanwa:

Maviri akazvimiririra LDS yekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga kubikwa panguva yakasimba-yenyika kushanda. Imwe yeaya masisitimu kana imwe inowedzerawo inofanirwa kukwanisa kuona kuvuza panguva yekushanya, senge panguva yekutanga kwepombi
Imwe LDS yekunhonga yakawanikwa panguva yekuvharira-kushanda
Imwe LDS yekukambaira inokambaira
Imwe LDS yenzvimbo inokurumidza kuburitsa

zvinodiwa

Purogiramu inonzi 1155 (inotsiviwa ne API RP 1130) inotsanangura zvinotevera zvakakosha zvinodikanwa zveLDS:

Sensitivity: LDS inofanirwa kuona kuti kurasikirwa kwemanyoka semhedzisiro yekuvuza kuri kudiki sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinoisa zviviri zvinodiwa pane system: inofanira kuona kudonha kuduku, uye inofanirwa kuzviona nekukurumidza.
Kuvimbika: Mushandisi anofanira kunge achigona kuvimba neLDS. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inofanirwa kutaurira aramu chaiyo, asi zvakangofanana kuti haina kuburitsa alarms dzenhema.
Kururamisa: Mamwe maLDS anokwanisa kuverenga kuyerera kwekubuda uye nzvimbo inodonha. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nenzira kwayo.
Kubatisisa: Iyo LDS inofanira kuramba ichishanda mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Semuenzaniso, kana ikatadza transducer kukundikana, iyo system inofanira kuona kutadza uye kuramba ichishanda (pamwe nekukanganisa kwakadai sekuderedzwa kwekunzwa).

Steady-nyika uye inononoka mamiriro

Munguva yakatsiga-nyika mamiriro, kuyerera, kumanikidza, etc. mumapipi ari (akawanda kana mashoma) anogara achifamba kwenguva. Munguva yepadhuze mamiriro ezvinhu, idzi misiyano dzinogona kuchinja nekukurumidza. Shanduko dzinopararira kunge mafungu kuburikidza nepombi uye nekumhanya kwemanzwi emvura. Mamiriro ekunze anoitika mune pombi semuenzaniso pakutanga-kumusoro, kana kumanikidzwa kuri mukati kana kushomeka kuchinja (kunyangwe shanduko iri diki), uye kana batch ikachinja, kana apo zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zviri mupombi. Mapaipi emagetsi anogara ari munzvimbo dzinononoka, nekuti magasi anomanikidza. Kunyangwe mumapaipi emvura, kupora kwenguva pfupi hakugone kuregeredzwa nguva yakawanda. LDS inofanirwa kubvumidza kucherechedzwa kwekuburitswa kwemamiriro ese ari maviri kuti uwane kucherechedzwa kunoonekwa panguva yese yekushanda kwepombi.

Yepakati nepakati LDS

Zvemukati zvakavakirwa masisitimu anoshandisa munda zvishandiso (semuenzaniso kuyerera, kumanikidza uye tembiricha yemvura) kuongorora epamhepo mapaipi parameter; aya mapaipi parameter anozoshandiswa kushandura kubvuza. Mari yehurongwa uye kuomarara kwemukati meLDS zvine mwero nekuti vanoshandisa zviripo zvemumunda zviridzwa. Iyi mhando yeLDS inoshandiswa kune zvakajairika kuchengetedzwa zvinodiwa.

Dzvinyiriro / Yekuyerera kuongorora

Kuvuza kunoshandura ma hydraulics epombi, uye saka inoshandura kumanikidzwa kana kuyerera kuverenga mushure menguva yakati. Kuongorora kwenzvimbo kumanikidzwa kana kuyerera panguva imwechete saka kunogona kupa kuoneka kuri nyore kwekutsiya. Sezvo inoitwa munharaunda inoda musimboti hapana telemetry. Iyo inongobatsira chete munzvimbo dzakatsiga-nyika, zvisinei, uye kugona kwayo kubata nemapaipi emagetsi ane mashoma.

Acoustic Pressure Mafungu

Iyo acoustic pressure wave nzira inoongorora iyo isingawanzo mafungu anogadzirwa panodonha paitika. Kana pombi yekuparara kwemadziro paitika, fluid kana gasi rinopukunyuka muchimiro chejeti yakakura yejecha. Izvi zvinogadzira mafungu emasaisai anopararira mumativi ese ari mukati meipi uye anogona kuongororwa uye kuongororwa. Iwo mashandiro ekushandisa enzira yacho akavakirwa pane yakakosha hunhu hwemasaisai ekumanikidza kuti vafambe pamusoro penzvimbo refu pakumhanya kwezwi rinotungamirirwa nemadziro epombi. Iko kukura kweiyo wave wave inowedzera nehukuru hwekudonha. Iyo yakaoma masvomhu algorithm inoongorora data kubva kumanetsi sensors uye inokwanisa mune imwe nyaya yemasekondi kunongedzera kunzvimbo yekudonha nekururamisa isingasviki 50 m (164 ft). Ruzivo rwekuyedza rwakaratidza kugona kwenzira yekuona idonha isingasviki 3mm (0.1 inch) muhupamhi uye inoshanda neiyo yakaderera nyevero alarm muindasitiri - isingasviki 1 yenhema alarm pagore.

Nekudaro, nzira yacho haigoni kuona kukwirira kusingaperi mushure mechiitiko chekutanga: mushure mekuparadzwa kweshonga kwepombi (kana kuputika), mafungu ekutanga ekudzvinyirira anodzikira uye hapana anotevera mafungu ekudzvinyirira anogadzirwa. Naizvozvo, kana system yacho ikatadza kuona iyo inodonha (semuenzaniso, nekuti mafungu ekudzvinyirira akavezwa nemafungu enguva pfupi yekumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nechiitiko chekuita sekushanduka kwepombi yekumanikidza kana vheji inoshanduka), hurongwa hahuzoona kuri kuenderera.

Nzira dzekuenzanisa

Idzi nzira dzinotangira pachirongwa chekuchengetedza huwandu. Mune mamiriro akatsiga, iyo misa inoyerera $\ dot {M} _I$ kupinda pombi isina kubuda inokwenenzvera iyo kuyerera kwayawanda $\ dot {M} _O$ kuisiya; chero kudonhedzwa muhuwandu kuchisiya pombi (misa kusaenzana $\ dot {M} _I - \ dot {M} _O$ ) inoratidza kuvuza. Kuyera nzira kuyera $\ dot {M} _I$ uye $\ dot {M} _O$ uchishandisa flowmeters uye pakupedzisira compute kusanzwisisika inova fungidziro yekusazivikanwa, yechokwadi inodonha kuyerera. Kufananidza kusaenzanisa uku (kazhinji kunoongororwa nguva yakati wandei) kuchikwira chikumbiriso che alarm yakakwira $\ gamma$ inogadzira alarm kana izvi zvichiongororwa kusaenzana. Enhanced balancing nzira zvinowedzera kufunga nezve shanduko yekuwanda kweyekuwanda kwepombi. Mazita ayo anoshandiswa mukusimudzira matambo ekuenzanisa matekinoroji vhoriyamu chiyero, yakagadziridzwa vhoriyamu bharanzi, uye yakabhadharwa masisa bharanzi.

Statistical methods

Statistical LDS inoshandisa manhamba ekuverengera (semuenzaniso kubva mundima yesarudzo dzidziso) kuongorora kumanikidza / kuyerera panguva imwechete kana kusaenzana kuitira kuti uone kubuda. Izvi zvinotungamira kune iwo mukana wekukwirisa danho rekudonha kana dzimwe fungidziro dzeruzivo dzakamira. Maitiro akajairika ndeye kushandisa iyo yekufungidzira bvunzo maitiro

\ zvinyorwa {Hypothesis} H_0: \ mameseji {Kwete leak}

\ zvinyorwa {Hypothesis} H_1: \ zvinyorwa {Leak}

Iri idambudziko rekare rekuona, uye kune dzakasiyana siyana mhinduro dzinozivikanwa kubva kuhuwandu.

Nzira dzeRTTM

RTTM zvinoreva "Chaiyo-Nguva Inononoka Muenzaniso". RTTM LDS inoshandisa masvomhu mamodheru ekuyerera mukati meipiipi vachishandisa yakakosha mitezo yemuviri senge kuchengetedzwa kwehukuru, kuchengetedza kwesimba, uye kuchengetedza kwesimba. Nzira dzeRTTM dzinogona kuonekwa sekuvandudza nzira dzekuenzanisa sezvo vachiwedzera kushandisa chirevo chekuchengetedza chekumusoro nesimba. Iyo RT TM inoita kuti zvikwanise kuverenga kuwanda kwekuyerera, kumanikidza, kuwanda uye tembiricha panguva yega yega padhuze nepombi muicho chaicho-nguva nerubatsiro rwemasvomhu algorithms. RTTM LDS inogona nyore kuteedzera yakadzikama-nyika uye inononoka kuyerera mupombi. Uchishandisa tekinoroji yeRTTM, kudonha kunogona kuonekwa panguva dzakadzikama-dzenyika uye nemamiriro ekunze. Nechekushandisa mashandiro akakodzera, mwero wekudonha unogona kunge uchifungidzirwa uchishandisa nzira dziripo.

E-RTTM nzira

Signal kuyerera Yakawedzera Real-Nguva Transient Model (E-RTTM)

E-RT TM inomiririra "Yakawedzeredzwa Yechokwadi-Nguva Inononoka Muenzaniso", uchishandisa tekinoroji yeRTTM ine nzira dzehuwandu. Nekudaro, kubatika kwekudonha kunogoneka panguva yakadzikama-yenyika uye inopfupika mamiriro nekukwirisa kwakanyanya, uye maalarm enhema achadzivirirwa uchishandisa nzira dzehuwandu

Kune iyo yakasara nzira, iyo RTTM module inotora zviyero $\ hat$ , $\ hat$ ye MASS FLOW panguva inlet uye kubuda, nenzira. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa zviyero zve kudzvinyirira tembiricha $p _$ , $T _$ uye kubuda ( $p_O$ , $T_O$ . Iyi kuyerera kwemagetsi kuyerera ichienzaniswa nekuyera kuyita kuyerera $\ dot {M} _I$ , $\ dot {M} _O$ , kupa zvasara $x = \ dot {M} _I - \ hat {\ dot {M}} _ I$ uye $y = \ dot {M} _O - \ hat {\ dot {M}} _ O$ . Aya masara ari padhuze ne zero kana pasina kuvuza; kana zvisina kudaro vakasara vanoratidza hunhu hwechiratidzo. Mune inhanho inotevera, avo vakasara vari pasi pekuvuza kusayina kuongororwa. Iyi module inoongorora maitiro avo epanyika nekubvisa uye kuenzanisa siginakisi inosayina neyakasiya mirawu mudatabase ("zvigunwe"). Leak alarm inoziviswa kana iyo yakadururwa leak siginecha yakafanana nechigunwe.

Kunze kwakavakirwa LDS

Kunze kwakavakirwa masisitimu anoshandisa emuno, akazvitsaurira sensors. LDS dzakadai dzinotetepa uye dzakaringana, asi sisitimu mutengo uye kuomarara kwekuisirwa kazhinji kazhinji zvakanyanya kwazvo; kunyorera kunogumira kunzvimbo dzakanyanya dzine njodzi, semuenzaniso padyo nenzizi kana nzvimbo dzinodzivirira zvisikwa.

Dhijitari Mafuta Leak Kuongorora Cable

Dhijitari Sense Makabati ane iyo yekutya kwehafu-inobvumidzwa yemukati conductors yakachengetedzwa ne inobvumirwa insulating yakaumbwa yakagadziriswa. Chiratidzo chemagetsi chinopfuudzwa kunyange hazvo vafambisi vemukati uye vachicherechedzwa neinbuilt microprocessor mukati meiyo tambo yekubatanidza. Mvura inopukunyuka inodarika neyekunze permeable braid uye inobatana neyemukati semi-inogoneka conductors. Izvi zvinokonzeresa shanduko mumagetsi emagetsi tambo inoonekwa neiyo microprocessor. Iyo microprocessor inogona kuwana iyo fluid mukati megumi-mimwe inogadziriswa pamwe nehurefu hwayo uye inopa chiratidzo chakakodzera kune yekutarisa masisitimu kana vashandisi. Tambo dzepfungwa dzinogona kuputirwa pombi dzemvura, dzakavigwa-pasi-pasi nemapaipi kana kuisirwa sepombi-mu-pombi yekugadziridzwa.

Infrared Radiometric Pipeline Kuongorora

Aires Thermogram yeakavigwa nyika yemafuta pombi pombi ichiratidza kusasvibiswa kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nekubhururuka

Infrared thermographic pombi kuyedza yakazviratidza kuti zvese zviri zviviri zvine hunyanzvi uye zvinobudirira mukutsvaga nekuwana subsurface pombi inodonha, voids inokonzerwa nekukurwa kwevhu, kushatiswa kwepombi yekumisikidza, uye kudzoka kwakashata. Kana pombi payaka bvumidza mvura, senge mvura, kuti iumbe plume padhuze nepipayipi, mvura yacho ine mafambiro anoita kupisa kwakasiyana neivhu rakaoma kana kudzosera kumashure. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mune dzakasiyana tembiricha yepamusoro pamusoro penzvimbo inodonha. Iyo yepamusoro-resolution infrared radiometer inobvumira nzvimbo dzese kuti dziongororwe uye iro rinoguma data kuti riratidzwe semifananidzo ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana tembiricha dzakasarudzika nemhando dzakasiyana dzegrey pane yakasviba & chena mufananidzo kana nemarudzi akasiyana siyana pamuvara wechivara. Iyi sisitimu inoyera mapatheni emagetsi epasi chete, asi mapatani anoyerwa pamusoro penzvimbo yepasi pamusoro pepombi yakavigwa anogona kubatsira kuratidza panobuda nepombi uye zvichikonzera kukuvara kwevhu. inoona matambudziko kudzika semamita makumi matatu pazasi pevhu pevhu.

Acoustic emission diagnost

Kupukutisa zvinwiwa zvinogadzira chiratidzo cheacoustic sezvavanopfuura nepakati pegomba. Acoustic sensors yakanamatira kune kunze kwepombi kugadzira sidhi acoustic "chigunwe" chemutsetse kubva kurira kwemukati kwepombi munzvimbo yayo isina kukuvara. Kana kuvuza kukaitika, yakakonzera yakaderera frequency acoustic chiratidzo inoonekwa uye kuongororwa. Kutsauka kubva pane yekutanga "zvigunwe" zvinoratidza chiratidzo. Iye zvino ma sensors arikuve nekurongeka kwakanaka ne frequency band kusarudzwa, nguva inononoka kusarudzika kusarudzika etc. Izvi zvinoita kuti girafu riwedzere kusiyanisa uye kuve nyore kuongorora.Ine dzimwe nzira dzekuona kuvuza. Ground geo-mafoni ane dhizaini hurongwa anobatsira kwazvo kuisaini kunaya nzvimbo. Ino chengetedza mutengo wekuchera. Iyo jet yemvura iri muvhu inorovera madziro emukati evhu kana kongiri. Izvi zvinogadzira ruzha rwekushaya simba. Ruzha urwu runoora kana achiuya pamusoro pechiso. Asi ruzha rukuru runogona kutorwa chete pamusoro penzvimbo yekuvuza. Amplifiers uye firita inobatsira kuti uite ruzha rwakajeka. Dzimwe mhando dzemagasi anopinda mumutsara wepombi anogadzira ruzha rwakasiyana kana uchisiya pombi.

Vapor-inonzwa machubhu

Iyo mhute-yekuona chubhu inodonha yekutsvaga nzira inosanganisira kumisikidza chubhu pamwe nehurefu hwese hwepombi. Iri chubhu - mune tambo fomu - inonyanya kupindirwa kune zvinhu kuti zvionekwe mune chairo application. Kana pakavhunika, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuyerwa zvinosangana nechubhu iri mhute, gasi kana kunyungudika mumvura. Muchiitiko chekudonha, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoyerera zvinopararira mukati mehubhu. Mushure menguva yakati rebei, mukati mechubhu munoburitsa mufananidzo chaiwo wezvinhu zvakakomberedza chubhu. Kuti uongorore kugoverwa kwevasungwa kuri mune iyo tube chubhu, pombi inosundira chikamu chemhepo muhubhu yapfuura yuniti yekuona pane inomhanya nguva dzose. Iyo detector unit pamagumo eiyo sensor chubhu ine gasi sensors. Kuwedzera kwese kwegesi kusanganisa kunoguma yakanzi "leak peak".

Fibhi-optic inodonhedza kuonekwa

Anenge maviri fiber-optic leak yekuongorora nzira ari kuona ari kutengeswa: Yakapihwa Kutapisa Kupisa Sensing (DTS) uye Zvakaparadzirwa Acoustic Sensing (DAS). Iyo nzira yeDTS inosanganisira kuiswa kweye fiber-optic tambo parutivi rwehurere hwepombi inoongororwa. Izvo zvinhu zvekuyerwa zvinosangana neyembambo kana pakaitika leak, ichichinja tembiricha yemuchina uye nekushandura kuratidzwa kweiyo laser boramu pulse, ichiratidza kukwiza. Iyo nzvimbo inozivikanwa nekuyera kunonoka kwenguva pakati peiyo laser pulse yakabviswa uye kana kuratidzwa kwawanikwa. Izvi zvinongoshanda chete kana chinhu chiri pairi tembiricha chakasiyana nenzvimbo yakatenderera. Uye zvakare, iyo yakagoverwa fiber-optical tembiricha yekunzwa maitiro inopa mukana wekuyera kupisa pamwe pombi. Kutarisa urefu hwese hwefizi, iyo tembiricha yekudziya pamwe chete nefibhi yakatemwa, zvichitungamira pakuonekwa kwatinodonha.

Iyo nzira yeDAS inosanganisira kuisirwa kwakafanana kweye fiber-optic tambo pamwe nehurefu hwepombi inoongororwa. Kuvhiringidzika kunokonzerwa nechinhu chinosiya pombi kuburikidza nekwenyoka inoshandura kuratidzwa kweiyo laser beam pulse, zvichiratidza kuvuza. Iyo nzvimbo inozivikanwa nekuyera kunonoka kwenguva pakati peiyo laser pulse yakabviswa uye kana kuratidzwa kwawanikwa. Maitiro aya anokwanisa zvakare kusangana pamwe neakagovaniswa Tembiricha yekushisa Sensing nzira yekupa tembiricha yekudziya yepombi.